New Theory of Gravitational Field: Derivation of Energy Transformation Relationship and Equivalent Mass Formula

Abstract

This paper constructs a new gravitational field theoretical framework based on absolute space. Gravity is defined as the interaction between gravitational fields, rather than the direct attractive force between masses. Under the fundamental assumption of total energy conservation, this paper deduces the transformation law between internal mass energy and gravitational field energy. The core equivalent mass formula is obtained through algebraic derivation and differential integral verification. Two mutually restricted mass concepts are defined to satisfy the global energy conservation principle. High-speed moving objects transform internal mass energy into external field energy, resulting in stronger gravitational performance. Photons traveling at the speed of light possess zero internal mass energy, with their gravitational equivalent mass reaching twice the rest mass. The abnormal gravitational phenomenon of high-redshift cosmic celestial bodies can be reasonably explained by field energy amplification, which provides a new physical scheme to resolve dark matter puzzles and Hubble tension without introducing invisible hypothetical particles.

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