Tailoring Treatment: Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer Subtypes

Abstract

The profound heterogeneity of breast cancer fundamentally drives the differences in disease progression and treatment response, promoting molecular subtype-oriented treatment to become a new clinical paradigm. This article systematically analyzes the differences in chemotherapy and targeted therapy classification among the three major subtypes of HR+, HER2+, and TNBC, emphasizing the turning point value of molecular typing based on ER/PR/HER2 status for individualized decision-making. Heterogeneous management requires precise anchoring of subtype characteristics to balance efficacy and toxicity. Breakthroughs in genomic technology are accelerating the progress of targeted therapy: The Luminal subtype requires the optimization of the CDK4/6 inhibitor synergy strategy; The resolution of HER2+ group drug resistance depends on stratified treatment. Immune and PARP inhibitors in the TNBC field reshape the therapeutic landscape. The current bottlenecks are mainly focused on the differences in biomarker accessibility, the lack of analysis of drug resistance mechanisms, and the dynamic interference of heterogeneity. This review provides an evidence-based framework for individualized treatment and concretizes the future breakthrough path - achieving a strategic leap from passive management to precise regulation through intelligent dynamic monitoring to optimize survival outcomes.

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